Abstract Ovarian torsion can be defined as the bending of the ovaries on the supporting ligament, disrupting both venous and arterial blood circulation. Insufficient blood flow causes ovarian tissue hypoxia and leads to ischemia. This study aimed to investigate whether tocilizumab has a protective effect on ischemia-reperfusion injury due to ovarian torsion in rats. Eighteen female Wistar albino rats were divided into three equal groups (Sham (SG), ischemia-reperfusion (OIR), and ischemia-reperfusion+tocilizumab (OIRT)). Degeneration, necrosis, vascular dilatation/congestion, interstitial edema, hemorrhage, and polymorphonuclear lymphocyte (PMNL) infiltration scores were significantly different between the groups (p=0.001 for all parameters). Moreover, the OIRT group had a significant improvement in these criteria compared to the OIR group (p<0.05). Additionally, there was a considerable difference between OIRT and OIR groups in the number of primordial, developing, and atretic follicles groups (p<0.05), while there was no difference in the number of corpus luteum (p=0.052). Stress markers or cytokines, such as MDA, tGSH, NF-κB, TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6, were significantly different between groups (p<0.05). Furthermore, a significant improvement was found in the measured variables when the OIRT group was compared with the OIR group (p<0.05). Tocilizumab may be an alternative option for treating ischemia-reperfusion injury due to ovarian torsion.

ABSTRACT Objective To compare the intermediate-term follow-up results of laparoscopic pectopexy and vaginal sacrospinous fixation procedures. Materials and Methods Forty-three women who had vaginal sacrospinous fixations(SSF) using Dr. Aksakal’s Desta suture carrier and 36 women who had laparoscopic pectopexies were re-examined 7 to 43 months after surgery. The PISQ-12 and P-QOL questionnaires were answered by all of the women. Results The apical descensus relapse rates did not differ between the groups (14% in the SSF vs. 11.1% in the pectopexy group). The de novo cystocele rates were higher in the SSF group (25.6% in the SSF vs. 8.3% in the pectopexy group). There were no significant differences in the de novo rectocele numbers between the groups. The treatment satisfaction rates were high in both groups (93% in the SSF vs. 91.7% in the pectopexy group), which was not statistically significant. Moreover, the postoperative de novo urge and stress urinary incontinence rates did not differ; however, the postoperative sexual function scores (PISQ-12) (36.86±3.15 in the SSF group vs. 38.21±5.69 in the pectopexy group) were better in the pectopexy group. The general P-QOL scores were not significantly different between the surgery groups. Conclusion The vaginal sacrospinous fixation maintains its value in prolapse surgery with the increasing importance of native tissue repair. The new laparoscopic pectopexy technique has comparable positive follow-up results with the conventional sacrospinous fixation procedure.

ABSTRACT Objective: To share our first experience with laparoscopic pectopexy, a new technique for apical prolapse surgery, and to evaluate the feasibility of this technique. Materials and Methods: Seven patients with apical prolapse underwent surgery with laparoscopic pectopexy. The lateral parts of the iliopectineal ligament were used for a bilateral mesh fixation of the descended structures. The medical records of the patients were reviewed, and the short-term clinical outcomes were analyzed. Results: The laparoscopic pectopexy procedures were successfully performed, without intraoperative and postoperative complications. De novo apical prolapse, de novo urgency, de novo constipation, stress urinary incontinence, anterior and lateral defect cystoceles, and rectoceles did not occur in any of the patients during a 6-month follow-up period. Conclusion: Although laparoscopic sacrocolpopexy has shown excellent anatomical and functional long-term results, laparoscopic pectopexy offers a feasible, safe, and comfortable alternative for apical prolapse surgery. Pectopexy may increase a surgeon's technical perspective for apical prolapse surgery.

Resumo Objetivo: Investigar o efeito da paridade sobre a osteoporose por meio da avaliação da densidade mineral óssea, marcadores de remodelação óssea e outros fatores eficazes na avaliação da osteoporose em multíparas (cinco partos ou mais) e nulíparas no período pós-menopausa. Métodos: Foram incluídas neste estudo 91 multíparas (cinco partos ou mais) e 31 nulíparas, todas na pós-menopausa. As pacientes foram entrevistadas para a determinação das características sociodemográficas, história ginecológica, hábitos pessoais, níveis de atividade física e ingestão de cálcio ao longo da vida. A densidade mineral óssea foi medida na região lombar (L1-4) e do colo femoral com a Dexa. Resultados: A média de idade das multíparas e nulíparas foi de 58,79 ± 7,85 anos e 55,84 ± 7,51, respectivamente. Nas multíparas, a DMO femoral e lombar foi de 0,94 ± 0,16 e 1,01 ± 0,16, respectivamente; nas nulíparas, a DMO femoral e lombar foi de 0,99 ± 0,16 e 1,07 ± 0,14, respectivamente. Não houve diferença estatisticamente significativa entre os T-escores femoral e lombar e os valores de DMO dos dois grupos. O T-escore e a DMO lombar mostraram uma diminuição em caso de aumento na duração total da lactação materna em multíparas. Encontrou-se que os fatores de risco independentes para a osteoporose na análise de regressão das multíparas são a duração da menopausa e o peso corporal menor ou igual a 65 kg. Conclusão: Não há diferença entre a densidade mineral óssea de multíparas e nulíparas. As mulheres com menor peso corporal e maior duração da menopausa devem ser acompanhadas com mais atenção para determinar se há desenvolvimento de osteoporose.

Abstract Objective: Our aim was to investigate the effect of parity on osteoporosis by evaluating bone mineral density, markers of bone turn-over and other factors that are effective in osteoporosis in multiparous (five deliveries or more) and nulliparous women in the post-menopausal period. Methods: A total of 91 multiparous (five deliveries or more) and 31 nulliparous postmenopausal women were included in this study. All patients were interviewed on sociodemographic characteristics, gynecologic history, personal habits, levels of physical activity, and life-long intake of calcium. Bone mineral density was measured at lumbar (L1-4) and femoral neck regions with Dexa. Results: The mean age of multiparous women was 58.79 ± 7.85 years, and the mean age of nulliparous women was 55.84 ± 7.51. The femoral BMD was 0.94 ± 0.16 and lumbar BMD 1.01 ± 0.16 in multiparous women, femoral BMD was 0.99 ± 0.16 and lumbar BMD 1.07 ± 0.14 in nulliparous women. There were no statistical differences between the femoral and lumbar T scores and BMD values of the two groups. Lumbar T scores and lumbar BMD showed a decrease with increasing total duration of breast-feeding in multiparous women. The independent risk factors for osteoporosis in the regression analysis of multiparous women were found to be the duration of menopause and body weight of 65 kg and less. Conclusion: There is no difference between the bone mineral densities of multiparous and nulliparous women. Females with lower body-weight and longer duration of menopause should be followed-up more carefully for development of osteoporosis.

RESUMO Objetivo Investigar a presença de síndrome pré-menstrual (SPM), dismenorreia primária (DP) e depressão em mulheres com fibromialgia (FM) e mulheres saudáveis e determinar possíveis fatores relacionados com a SPM e a DP na FM. Método Este estudo foi feito com 98 pacientes do sexo feminino com diagnóstico de FM e 102 controles saudáveis pareados por idade e sexo. Todas as pacientes foram avaliadas à procura de síndrome pré-menstrual (SPM) e dismenorreia primária (DP). A síndrome pré-menstrual foi determinada pela presença de um ou mais sintomas afetivos ou somáticos nos cinco dias anteriores à menstruação. O diagnóstico de dismenorreia primária foi definido como a presença de dor abdominal ou lombar com duração mínima de dois dias durante o período menstrual. A dismenorreia foi avaliada pela escala visual analógica. A dismenorreia foi classificada pelo Sistema de Pontuação Multidimensional. A Escala de Depressão de Hamilton foi aplicada a todas as pacientes. Resultados A dismenorreia primária foi encontrada em 41% das pacientes com FM e 28% do grupo controle. Encontrou-se diferença estatisticamente significativa na DP entre os dois grupos (p = 0,03). A SPM foi detectada em 42% das pacientes com FM e 25% do grupo controle. Houve diferença estatisticamente significativa na SPM entre os dois grupos (p = 0,03). Conclusão Há um aumento na frequência de síndrome pré-menstrual e dismenorreia em pacientes com FM. Aquelas com escore de gravidade dos sintomas elevado e altas pontuações de depressão entre as pacientes com FM estão em risco de SPM e DP.

ABSTRACT Objective In this study, we aimed to investigate the presence of premenstrual syndrome (PMS), primary dysmenorrhea (PD) and depression among women with fibromyalgia (FM) and healthy females and to determine possible factors related with PMS and PD in FM. Method The present study was conducted on 98 female patients diagnosed with FM and 102 age and sex-matched healthy controls. All patients were evaluated for premenstrual syndrome (PMS) and primary dysmenorrhea (PD). Premenstrual syndrome was assessed among the patients for the presence of one or more affective or somatic symptoms within the five days preceding menses. The diagnosis of primary dysmenorrhea was defined as having abdominal pain or lower back pain lasting at least two days during a menstrual period. Dysmenorrhea was assessed via visual analog scale. Dysmenorrhea was rated via Multidimensional Scoring System. The Hamilton depression scale was applied to all patients. Results Primary dysmenorrhea was established in 41% of FM patients and 28% of the control group. A statistically significant difference was found in PD between the two groups (p = 0.03). PMS was established in 42% of the FM patients and 25% of the control group. A statistically significant difference was found in PMS between the two groups (p = 0.03). Conclusion There is an increased frequency of premenstrual syndrome and dysmenorrhea in FM patients. The patients with high symptom severity scores and high depression scores among the FM patients are at risk of PMS and PD.